For many years, Italy has been the worst of the European countries in failing to regularly and promptly apply European environmental law. In severe cases, this has produced serious financial consequences for the Italian State. The articles in this book are the result of field research on the problematic implementation of European environmental law in Italy. Each chapter examines this phenomenon by focusing on the causes and forms of non-implementation to environmental law. The first part of the book assists in understanding the complexity of the implementation process, particularly with regard to the transposition of directives into national law. The second part analyzes the most important infringement cases in Italy, for example: the problem of waste in Naples, the question of hunting, and the air quality monitoring requirements. This section also includes suggestions on how to improve knowledge on implementation and how to find appropriate mechanisms to solve the problem.